Governance is defined as the framework and system through which institutions are managed and regulated to ensure adherence to best practices. Initially emerging in the corporate world, where the 1992 Cadbury Committee defined it as “the system by which companies are directed and controlled,” governance today extends to both public and private institutions. It establishes institutional discipline through principles and procedures that clarify responsibilities among boards, executives, and stakeholders, ensuring transparency, accountability, integrity, and compliance with the law—core pillars of sound governance. Through this institutional role, governance serves as a developmental tool that enhances decision-making, strengthens oversight, and ensures efficient resource use. In Oman, the concept has deep roots: following the 1998 Muscat Securities Market crisis, the Sultanate pioneered the separation of legislative, regulatory, and executive functions by creating the Capital Market Authority, Muscat Securities Market, and Muscat Clearing and Depository Company. In 2002, Oman issued its Corporate Governance Code, made mandatory in 2003 for all listed companies. Over the years, the Capital Market Authority has issued multiple regulations to promote transparency, disclosure, and compliance with international standards. The 2015 establishment of the Oman Center for Corporate Governance further advanced awareness and best practices before its responsibilities were transferred to the Financial Services Authority in 2025. The State Audit and Administrative Control Authority (SAACA) plays a vital role in this system as Oman’s supreme oversight body, mandated to protect public funds, ensure efficiency in government performance, and promote integrity. Reporting directly to His Majesty the Sultan, it enjoys full independence and judicial powers to act against financial and administrative violations, including referring cases to the Public Prosecution. The Authority has also expanded awareness efforts, such as its 2025 Dhofar symposium on “Governance and Its Role in Protecting Public Funds and Promoting Transparency.” Its work aligns with Oman’s legal framework, notably the Law on the Protection of Public Funds and Avoidance of Conflict of Interest (Royal Decree 112/2011), the Penal Code (Royal Decree 7/2018), and the Anti–Money Laundering and Counter–Terrorism Financing Law (Royal Decree 30/2016), all of which reinforce transparency and accountability. Furthermore, SAACA’s initiatives complement the National Integrity Promotion Plan 2022–2030, which emphasizes legislation, efficient institutions, ethical private sector practices, transparency, and cooperation in achieving the goals of Oman Vision 2040. Through these integrated efforts, governance in Oman has evolved into a practical and institutional framework that enhances performance, protects public resources, and supports sustainable development based on efficiency, fairness, and integrity.